Differences Between Goods and Services - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1489 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Level High school Did you like this example? Differences Between Goods and Services This question will be answered in three distinct sections. In the first section the major differences in the evaluation of goods and services will be outlined and in the second section the reasons behind these differences will be examined further. In the third and final section it will be important to concentrate upon the impact that the differences between goods and services will have upon concept evaluation techniques and/or methods. Throughout this investigation we will refer to the case of the Concept Development Corporation and consider this case study in order to further elucidate upon this investigation. It is important to begin this investigation by answering the first question, namely what are the major differences between the evaluation of tangible goods (like toys) and services? The vast majority of money in an economy is spent on either goods or services and therefore it is important to be aware of the differences between the two concepts. Firstly of all, goods are a n entity that can be consumed by the customer. An example of a good is a book or food. In the case of a book, the customer can consume the product on many occasions, in the case of food only once. However, both books and food are united in the sense that they are tangible goods that a customer can use. It is the tangible nature of goods that is often used in order to define goods and as Adil points out, â€Å"goods are real things that people can touch and use† (Adil 2006: pp.4). Services, on the other hand are defined as something that a person does for another, for example, fixing another persons car or completing some handiwork in the house would be classed a service. In contrast to goods, services tend to be defined by their intangible nature, because the product one receives is not something one can physically grasp, but rather it is the provision of something that one needs by another person. As Berry points out, â€Å"whereas goods are first produced, then sold and th en consumed, services are first sold, then produced and consumed simultaneously† (Berry 1985: pp.34). It is clear that there are important conceptual and practical differences between goods and services. Kerr also focuses upon the intangibility of services as their defining feature and argues that as the ubiquitous haircut example illustrates, services tend to have an intangible quality and often (though not always) require the physical presence of both client and service provider† (Kerr 2008: pp.151). However, the difference between tangible good and intangible services are not the only theoretical and practical differences between the two concepts. Firstly, services are often an input into the production process, as the examples of telephone services or accounting illustrate. Due to the fact that such input services can be vital to the development of certain parts of the economy, one could argue that without adequate input service provision certain parts of the economy may never grow at all. â€Å"Countries with inefficient service provision, thus tend to have lower productivity in the manufacturing, agriculture and government sectors† (Kerr 2008: pp.151). Adequate service provision can, therefore, at times be vital in developing an economy in a manner that goods cannot be. Another important difference between goods and services is that â€Å"services tend to be differentiated products, whereas some goods are homogenous in nature and other goods are differentiated† (Kerr 2008: pp.151). As one can see, therefore, there are a number of important differences between the evaluation of goods and services. It is important now to move on to discuss why these differences between goods and services exist in the first place. As has already been noted above, the major difference between goods and services is the fact that goods are tangible products whereas services tend to be intangible in nature. The differences between the two concepts i s clearly illustrated by the example of the Concept Development Corporation. Crawford and Di Benedetto ask the reader to imagine a scenario in which a group of talented and creative friends decide to embark upon a business venture in which they can put their skills to effective use. â€Å"So, they quit their jobs, pooled their savings, rented a small, three-room office, hired a couple of people, coined the name Concept Development Corporation and started serious work† (Crawford Di Benedetto 2006: pp.189). They quickly realised that they were far more effective at creating ideas than evaluating them and they came up with two product ideas that exemplify the differences between goods and services outlined above. The first area in which they had a creative idea was regarding a product that can be defined as a good and their idea was to create toys for children, particularly toys that contained some education value for the children that played with them. â€Å"Their strategy wa s to develop unique toys that required little up-front expenditures. Most toys would have some game or competitive aspect, be it educational, and involve paper, colour, numbers and the like† (Crawford Di Benedetto 2006: pp.190). The second area in which the group of friends had a business idea was in the field of writing and this product is best defined as a service. â€Å"These services primarily involved designing and writing instruction sheets for area firms (training manuals, copy for package inserts, instruction signs – anywhere words were used to instruct people in doing things)† (Crawford Di Benedetto 2006: pp.190). It is clear, therefore, from examining the two types of products developed by the Concept Development Corporation that one product is best defined as a good and the other as a service and that a number of important differences exist between the two products. In the final section it is important to consider the consequences of the differenc es between the two products of the Concept Development Corporation on concept evaluation techniques and/or methods. It is clear, that, due to the fact that goods and services are different in nature, different techniques must be employed in order to evaluate the two concepts. For example, in order for a customer to evaluate the extent to which a good is soundly constructed, they may want to stress-test the product to ensure that it can withstand external pressure inflicted upon it. This type of test would not be applicable to a service. Therefore, due to the fact that goods a re tangible in nature and services tend be intangible, it is far easier to test the toys that the Development Corporation will produce than to test the writing service of the Corporation. As Berry states, â€Å"most services contain few search properties and are high in experience and credence properties, making their quality more difficult to evaluate than quality of goods†. (Berry 1985: pp.40). On t he other hand, another study has found that customers use different criteria in order to judge the quality of goods and services. Whereas customers are more likely to trust their own judgment or those of sales people when it comes to products, one study found that â€Å"buyers relied heavily agreed or strongly agreed with the statement that there is upon personal sources of information in evaluating services, a difference in the purchasing of goods and services† (Jackson 1995: pp.103). It seems, therefore, that the evidence suggests strongly that goods are more readily evaluated than services and Hartman argues that this is the only effective criteria that can used to distinguish in the evaluation of goods and services. He states that â€Å"goods were distinguished from services only on the ease of evaluation dimension† (Hartman 1993: pp.10). In conclusion, it has become evident during this study that a number of fundamental differences exist between goods and servi ces. Goods are tangible in nature and can be consumed once or multiple times by the customer whereas services tend be intangible in nature. This fundamental difference between the two products has been clearly reflected in the experiences of the Concept Development Corporation, which created toys for children as well as a writing enterprise. The toys for children were a clear example of a good whereas the writing enterprise was a clear example of a service. It is likely that the Concept Development Corporation would have far more success in evaluating the toys as a product, because the studies cited in this investigation suggest that evaluating goods is a simpler task than evaluating services. The Concept Development Corporation will have to bear the differences between goods and services in mind when developing their products further. Bibliography Adil, J., 2006. Goods and services. Minnesota: Capstone Press Berry, L., 1985. Problems and Strategies in Services Marketing. The Journal of Marketing, 49 (2), pp.33-46 Crawford, M., Di Benedetto, 2006. New Products Management. London: McGraw-Hill Publishing Hartman, D., 1993. Consumer Evaluations of goods and services: implications for services marketing. Journal of Services Marketing, 7 (2), pp.4-15 Jackson, R., 1995. An Empirical investigation of the differences in goods and services as perceived by organisational buyers. Industrial Marketing Management, 24 (2), pp.99-108 Kerr, W., 2008. Handbook on International Trade Policy. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Differences Between Goods and Services" essay for you Create order

The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe Free Essays

string(31) " to go to military production\." The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe| | The world’s most powerful Communist country was the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, or otherwise known as the Soviet Union. It contained 15 republics that were controlled by a central government. Over time, it developed into a large industrial power that dictated all aspects of the national economy. We will write a custom essay sample on The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe or any similar topic only for you Order Now It set levels of wages and prices, controlled the allocation of resources, and decided what would be produced and how and where goods would be distributed. The Soviet Union was corrupted after World War I. Economic recovery such as Russian industrial production had gotten passed prewar levels by forty percent. New power plants, canals, and giant factories were built. Testing of hydrogen bombs in 1953 and Sputnik 1 in 1957 enhanced the Soviet state’s reputation as a world power abroad. Soviet people did not have much, their apartment’s one room served as both a bed and living room. As the struggle for power continued, Joseph Stalin, the general secretary of the Communist Party, became the master of the Soviet Union and he had a low amount of respect for Communist Party leaders. Stalin was a selfish leader and did not think people from his circle could do anything without him. He believed in a socialist government. The government issued a decree that all literary and scientific work must conform to the political needs of the state itself. As a result of this, there was increased terror. Many believed new purges were to come until Stalin died on March 5. After Stalin’s death, a man named Nikita Khrushchev came in as the chief Soviet policy maker and improved his regime. Khrushchev deleted Stalin’s ruthless policies which became known as De-Stalinization. He also loosened government control on Stalin’s literary works. Khrushchev tried to make consumer goods more popular. He also wanted to increase agricultural output by growing corn and cultivating lands that were east of the Ural Mountains. His attempt in increasing agriculture weakened his reputation within the party. As a result of his bad reputation and increased military spending, the Soviet economy became ruined. He was suddenly deposed in 1964. After Khrushchev fell from power, Leonid Brezhnev, who had been serving as his deputy in the party secretariat, became first secretary of the party. Under his rule the de-Stalinization campaign was highly relaxed. Previous experimental agricultural programs were abandoned and the economy began to flourish. Cold war tensions eased after the Cuban missile crisis of 1962 and there was a limited opening for cultural exchanges with the West. Competition shifted to a space and arms race. In Yugoslavia, a man by the name of Tito, also known as Josip Broz, was the leader of the Communist resistance movement. He wanted an independent Communist state in Yugoslavia. Tito refused to agree with Stalin’s demands of taking over Yugoslavia. By portraying the struggle as one of Yugoslav national freedom, Tito gained his people’s support. Tito ruled Yugoslavia up until his death in 1980. Yugoslavia was a Communist government, but not a Soviet satellite state. The Soviet Union did not allow its Eastern Europe satellites to become independent of Soviet control, especially in Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary. Protests took place in Poland; the Polish Communist Party adopted a series of reforms in October 1956. They elected a first secretary named Wladyslaw Gomulka. He said that Poland had the right to follow its own socialist path. Poland was afraid of the Soviet armed response to his remark so they pledged to remain loyal to the Warsaw Pact. Unrest in Hungary and economic difficulties led to a revolt. What added to the rising rebellion was Imre Nagy, the Hungarian leader, declared Hungary a free nation on November 1, 1956. It also promised free elections. Three days after Nagy’s declaration, the Soviet Army attacked Budapest. 23 After this, the Soviets reestablished control over the country. Nagy was then seized by the Soviet military and executed two years later. 24 Alexander Dubcek was elected first secretary of the Communist party. 25 He introduced freedom of speech and press of freedom to travel abroad. He relaxed censorship, began to pursue an independent foreign policy, and promised a gradual democratization of the Czechoslovakia political system. 26 He wanted to create â€Å"socialism with a human face. †27 All the happiness of the people was ended when the Soviet Army invaded Czechoslovakia in August 1968 28 and crushed the reform movement. Gustav Husak replaced Dubcek, did not follow his reforms, and reestablished the old order. 28 In that same year of 1968 a movement for liberal reforms gained widespread support in Czechoslovakia. 29 When the Czech government seemed to be moving away from the Soviet-style rule, the Soviet Union reacted by sending troops into Czechoslovakia in August to ensure the removal of Czech leaders. 30 After this invasion, the Soviets developed the â€Å"Brezhnev doctrine,†31 a policy that called for Soviet intervention to stop any developments that may disrupt the Communist order in Eastern Europe. 32 Political and economic patterns remained constant and still into the 1980s. An invasion of Afghanistan to help a puppet regime broke down into guerrilla warfare. 33 In most cases the Soviets were cautious international players dodging any direct military interventions. Workers and youth began to react to their strict control and lack of consumer goods. High alcoholism increased death rates and lowered production. A growing economic crisis beginning in the mid-1980s forced major political change. 34 Efforts at reform were matched by developments in Eastern Europe that ended the Russian empire. The initial cause was a deteriorating economy hampered by the costs of rivalry with the United States. By the 1980s the economy was grinding to a halt. Forced industrialization had caused extensive environmental disaster throughout eastern Europe. Related diseases impaired optimism and economic performance. Infant mortality rates increased highly. Industrial production slowed and economic growth stopped, but one-third of national income continued to go to military production. You read "The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" in category "Papers" 35 Younger leaders recognized that the system might very well collapse. In 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev introduced reforms. 6 He urged nuclear reduction and negotiated with the United States a limitation of medium-range missiles in Europe. The war in Afghanistan was ended by Soviet withdrawal. Internally Gorbachev proclaimed the freedom to comment and criticize. He commended use of market incentives and less use of administrative controls. But strong limits on political freedom remained and the centralized planning apparatus resisted reform. Gorbachev’s policies partly reflected ambivalence about the West as he reduced isolation but still criticized Western values. He wanted reform, not abandonment of basic communist controls. The keynote to reform was perestroika, or economic restructuring. 37 This meant more private ownership and decentralized control of aspects of the economy. Foreign investment was encouraged and military expenditures were reduced to free resources for consumer goods. In 1988 a new constitution gave considerable power to a parliament and abolished the communist monopoly of elections. Gorbachev was elected to a new and powerful presidency in 1990 as people argued for or against reform. 38 By the end of 1991 the Soviet Union had been replaced by a loose union of republics. 9 Gorbachev was dissatisfied so he decided to resign and was replaced by an elected president, Boris Yeltsin. 40 The Communist party was dissolved. Continuing uncertainty showed in 1993 when Yeltsin clashed with the parliament. 41 Yeltsin and the army triumphed and elections followed to produce another constitution. In the midst of continuing political confusion two trends predominated: the economy was weak and there w as a breakdown of values and discipline. 42 Crime flourished and growing economic class divisions threatened stability. The economic and political conditions provoked the states of Eastern Europe to take advantage of the new times to seek independence and internal reform. Soviet troops were withdrawn. Bulgaria arranged free elections in 1989 43; Hungary and Poland in 1988 installed noncommunist governments and moved toward a free economy. 44 Czechoslovakia did the same in 1989. 45 Without a doubt the Soviet Union began to collapse. Ethnic and national tensions got worse dramatically during 1989 to 1991. 46 There was heavy controversy between Georgia, Azerbaijan, Moldavia, and Kirghizia. 7 The Soviet government responded by sending troops to these regions to restore order. All 15 of the republics proclaimed that their laws were more superior than those of the central government. During 1989 to 1990, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Armenia, Georgia, and Moldavia all confirmed that they were going to separate from the USSR. 48 However the Soviet government did not recognize any of these independence claims a nd in 1990 Soviet troops stormed various communications facilities in Lithuania and Latvia. 49 During 1988-89, Gorbachev implemented various governmental reforms that radically changed he way in which the Soviet Union was ruled. 49 He persuaded the Communist party to relinquish its monopoly on political power and to recognize the authority of the new Supreme Soviet and the newly created Congress of People’s Deputies. 50 Also, the government created the office of president vested it with broad executive powers. Gorbachev was elected to that position in 1989. 51 The government approved a variety of economic reforms aimed at introducing a market-based economy. These measures included the legalization of private businesses and the reduction of state subsidies for many industries. Numerous economic problems followed, including high inflation and shortages of many goods, in particular food. 52 Meanwhile, democratic reform movements arose in eastern European countries and the legitimacy of Communist rule was challenged. Gorbachev rejected the â€Å"Brezhnev doctrine† 53 and made little effort to support the Communist governments in these nations. Most of them either collapsed or were reconstituted as democratically oriented regimes with the Communist party in a minor role. Gorbachev’s hands-off policy made possible the reunification of Germany in 1990. 4 East Germany in 1989 removed its communist leaders55; the Berlin Wall came down and full German unification occurred in 1990. 56 In 1991, Gorbachev negotiated a power-sharing treaty with most of the union republics. 57 In August, before the treaty was signed, a group of hardline Communists overthrew Gorbachev and seized control of the government. 58 The coup failed very fast because of the large am ount of opposition led by Boris Yeltsin and the failure of important military units to support the coup. Gorbachev survived the attempted coup because of popular support and eventually returned to power. The failed effort led to renewed attacks on the Communist party and to independence movements by minority nationalities. The only violence occurred in Romania when an authoritarian ruler was overthrown. The Communists retained power, through elections, in Bulgaria and Romania. In addition, Gorbachev quit his position as general secretary. 59 A new transitional government designed to give more power to the 15 republics was established. Nationalism continued to rise among the republics. In September of 1991, the Soviet government noticed that Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia were all independent. 0 By November, practically all the rest of the republics had proclaimed their wish for independence from the Soviet Union but at the same time to keep a unified economic economy. On December 8th, Russia, Ukraine, and Byelorussia formed a loose confederation known as the Commonwealth of Independent States, 61 otherwise known as the CIS. By the end of that same month, around December 21, all of th e rest of the republics joined the CIS, except for Georgia. 62 In The Baltic republics declared independence and other regions threatened to secede. By the end of 1991 the Soviet Union had been replaced by a loose union of republics. 63 Gorbachev became very unhappy and on December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union. 64 This ultimately ended the nation. The Communist party was dissolved. Continuing uncertainty showed in 1993 when Yeltsin clashed with the parliament. 65 Yeltsin and the army triumphed and elections followed to produce another constitution. In the midst of continuing political confusion two trends predominated: the economy was weak and there was a breakdown of values and discipline. Crime flourished and growing economic class divisions threatened stability. The new situation in Eastern Europe was marred by ethnic clashes. Yugoslavia fell apart and brutal fighting broke out among its former components. The new governments faced serious economic and environmental problems. Communist parties in Poland and Hungary won elections in 1993-199466 because of economic grievances, but did not attempt to restore the former system because of agitation among minority nationalities; some demanded independence. Although there were several changes over the last decade in Eastern Europe, the 20th century brought fewer changes. The Soviets claimed they were allowing equality for women, but never actually did. 67 They also had negotiated a federation between republics, but minority nationalists were constantly under ethnic Russian control and continued to want to be in charge of their own affairs. However religion maintained a dominant role in the state. People continued to be interested in Western culture, especially in the east European nations. 8 Components of the communist past survive still survive to this very day. The loss of superpower status is resented and the prospects of democratic leadership are insecure. East Europeans whole-heartedly value the benefits of communist welfare social protections and social inequality limits, hoping to combine such ideas with capitalist tendencies. The Russian emphasis on authoritarian government with extreme centralization of power remained. The emph asis on territorial acquisition was maintained with the domination of Eastern Europe after 1945. 9 Among the continuities were a sense of cultural isolation from the West, Russian ethnic domination over minority ethnic and religious groups, and the predominance of the novel as a literary form. Among the differences were the destruction of the powerful landholding aristocracy, the lack of emphasis of the role of Orthodox Christianity, the creation of an industrialized society with a social hierarchy, the presence of household patterns typical of an industrialized state, the attempt to introduce â€Å"socialist realism†70 into the arts, and the collapse of isolation How to cite The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, Papers

Change in the Role of the Government

Question: Describe about the"Change in government role with changing environment". Answer: Nowadays, it has been observed that the issue of increasing ageing population is the major concern and is the subject of great attention throughout the world. The population ageing is the change in the distribution of the population of the country towards the older ages. The population ageing presents the great fiscal challenge faced by the government. The major impact produced by the ageing groups is on the economic status of the country (Feng, Kugler and Zak, 2002). At present, it is one of the serious problems faced by the governments related to its effects on the healthcare, pensions, care services, as well as, the future labor supply. Hence, to overcome these issues, governments should take some steps to prevent the worsening of the economy, as well as, to improve the quality and living standard of all the people. A few changes can be made by the governments in its main policy options like adjusting the pension systems to cope up with the future problems are delaying the retirem ent, to lower down the pension payments, as well as, to undertake the welfare reform (Grafenhofer, 2007). By increasing the age of the retirement or by delaying the retirement will lead the long period of working by the people. This in turn will help in avoiding the decrease in the labor participation and will also provide the decline in the number of the pensioners. Hence, increasing the economic status of the country. The provision of health care, which is made available through the government, is affected by a number of variables, like the production costs, as well as, the level of the funding, which is received through taxation (Stijepic and Wagner, n.d.). Therefore, with an increasing ageing population, there is the requirement of the government to lower the pension payments and to increase the contribution rate. In other words, lowering pension payments will help in leading the old people for continuous working. At present times, goods price, as well as, the medical treatments is very costly, and if government will lower the pension, it means that the older people may not be able to pay for all their leisure entertainment, as well as, for their healthcare treatments, or for buying daily items too. Hence, they will have to get back to their job for earning more money for better quality of life due to the fact that no support will be available from the governments. Moreover, lowering pensions with increasing the contribution rate will lead to the alleviation of the budged burden for the government. Hence, increasing contribution rates can be considered as the source of raising tax revenues overall, which in turn will increase the level of funding and thus, the better supply of the healthcare system (Long and Pfau, 2009). References Feng, Y., Kugler, J. and Zak, P. (2002). Population Growth, Urbanisation and the Role of Government in China: A Political Economic Model of Demographic Change.Urban Studies, 39(12), pp.2329-2343. Grafenhofer, D. (2007). Economic ageing and demographic change.Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, 2007, pp.133-165. Long, G. and Pfau, W. (2009). Ageing, Poverty and the Role of a Social Pension in Vietnam.Development and Change, 40(2), pp.333-360. Stijepic, D. and Wagner, H. (n.d.). Population-Ageing, Structural Change and Productivity Growth.SSRN Electronic Journal.

Safeguarding Essay Example

Safeguarding Essay Outline key legislation and regulations which govern safeguarding adults work. In this part of the assignment I will be stating the main key points of each piece of legislation and how it is applied in practice. Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults thesis piece of legislation was introduced on the 8th November 2006, the whole idea of this act is to protect adults who are at risk of abuse due to a vulnerability. For example, someone with Down syndrome may be more at risk of getting abused due to their lack of social skills and knowledge. The key points of this legislation are? Every employee needs a CRY/DBS check, especially within a health and social care environment. This can prevent abusive situations from occurring. Every single workplace has their policies and procedures to make sure that they follow this act. Rehabilitation of Offenders Act teethe rehabilitation of offenders act 1974 of the I-J Parliament enables some criminal convictions to be ignored after a rehabilitation period. Key points of this legislation include: For adults, the rehabilitation period is 5 years for most non-custodial sentences. For a young offender- under the age of 18, the rehabilitation period is generally half that or adults. Prison sentences of more than 2 h years can never been spent. The rehabilitation period is determined by the sentence, and starts from the date of the conviction. After this, if there has been no further conviction the conviction is spent. The Ex offender may not have to mention what they have done whilst applying for a job. Http://www. Legislation. Gob. UK/gap/1974/53 21907521653500Depending on the conviction, it depends on how much time is spent: How is this applied in practice? We will write a custom essay sample on Safeguarding specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Safeguarding specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Safeguarding specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The rehabilitation offenders act protects offenders from discrimination when applying for a Job due to their previous records. It also makes it possible for them to lead a normal life, particularly if they have served their sentence and are desperate to put the past behind them. The Police Act 1997 The police act was introduced in 1997. This was a result of the Danceable massacre which took place in 1996. The Danceable massacre took place in a school where a man walked into a school and shot 16 children and a teacher in the space of three minutes. This was the reason the police act was introduced, purely so massacres like these cannot happen anymore. No person is allowed to carry a firearm without a license. Another reason as to why the police act was introduced was so police have access to computers, mobile phones and cameras. This is in case the police think someone is suspicious, they may be able to back it up with proof, for example, if someone is holding indecent content on their computer/laptop the police will be able to find out and search the computer to find out the proof theyre looking for. This act will help to safeguard adults in the future by making the public aware that the police can easily access phones, computers and cameras. Therefore people are less likely to o the crime as they are more at risk of being caught. The Sexual Offences Act 1976 The act was introduced in 1976. This was because the government wanted tougher sentences against adult sex offences. The act complements the new criminal Justice act, under serious sex attacks will receive mandatory life sentences. The key point of this legislation is to protect vulnerable adults, make them feel safe, have regular CRY/ DBS checks. If an individual has been put on the sexual offenders list then they could be on there for the rest of their life, or up to five years depending on how their court case goes. A few bigger points are: In 2003 the sexual offences act changed so people can even be convicted from having horrifically inappropriate photos to flashing or even rape and sexual harassment. People convicted of a sexual offence must tell the police about their living arrangements and if they are planning to move they must inform the police so the police can investigate if the home is suitable. If they want to leave the country they must get permission although in most circumstances countries will not allow them in anyway. Http://www. Cups. Gob. UK/news/ fact_sheets/sexual_offences/ It makes new provisions about sexual offences, their reversion and the protection of children from harm from other sexual acts and connected purposes. This then means that sex offenders cannot work with vulnerable adults or children, if they were to apply for a unsuitable Job, they could be convicted. Care Standards Act nationally minimum standards were published in 2003 following the care standards act 2000. They form the basis of the inspection of a care setting to protect a patient from being abused/neglected. Different versions of national minimum standards exist for each category of a care setting: Care home for older people (65+) Care home for adults (18-65) Domiciliary care homemade. Nurse agencies Adult placement schemes This law replaced a law called the registered homes act 1984 which regulated nursing in residential homes. Its purpose is to have control of the whole concept of care and to regulate those who provide it. They will make regular checks to ensure that all the laws and policies/procedures are being followed. Care services it covers include independent fostering agencies, domiciliary social care providers, residential family centers and boarding schools. How is this applied in practice? Robust reoccurred should be in place for responding to suspicion or evidence of abuse or neglect to ensure the safety and protection of individuals. Mental Health Act 1983 The mental health act was first introduced in 1983 (further amended in 2007) and sets out how you can be treated if you have a mental disorder, and what your rights are. It was introduced to stop any person getting sectioned, to protect peoples health and also to make sure all your rights are protected. Constantinople have different types of mental disorders and they can be admitted to hospital against their will under this act. This includes people with severe mental impairment, psychopathic disorder or mental illness. Patients are only sectioned if they are a threat to themselves or others. For a patient to be sectioned it must be approved by two doctors and a social worker, even in some cases a close relative. How does this help stop abuse? In the past people could be sectioned by someone who disliked them or wanted them out of the way, due to this law, no one can be sectioned unless they need to be. Mental Capacity Act 2005 The mental capacity act 2005 came into force in England and Wales in 2007. This act revised the legal framework for acting and making decisions on behalf of vulnerable individuals who lack the mental capacity to make particular decisions, for example if somebody is really ill, it may be turning of a life support machine. This act applies to anyone aged 16 or over. It protects people with mental health problems as well as people with dementia, learning disabilities, strokes or brain injuries. People with mental health issues may find it difficult to make decisions some or even all of the time. How does the act support vulnerable people? Protecting those who cannot make their own decisions Making it clear who can make decisions on the persons behalf Allowing people to make some decisions in advance for themselves(living will) Providing a new service to support those who have no one to help them make decisions. Planning ahead. This act also states that anyone can plan ahead for a time when they may lack mental capacity by using a lasting power of attorney. Lasting power of attorney is someone who make decisions on their behalf. This includes decisions about property and financial affairs as well as health and personal welfare decisions. Disability Discrimination Act 1995 amended 2005 The disability discrimination act 1995 aims to end the discrimination that faces many people with disabilities. This act has been significantly extended, including by the disability discrimination order 2006. It was introduced to ensure that those with a disability have equal opportunities in everyday situations. The key points of this law are, it now gives people with disabilities rights in the areas of: Employment Education Access to goods, facilities and services, including larger private clubs and transport services. Buying or renting land/property Functions of public bodies How is it put into practice to help safeguard adults? To address some of the practical difficulties that these barriers present, the disability legislation, unlike other anti-discrimination legislation creates a positive duty on employers and service providers to make reasonable adjustment to their policies and premises where reasonable and appropriate, such as ramps and lifts. AS/ For this part of the task, you are required to demonstrate your knowledge by producing a grid that identifies and outlines w working strategies and procedures in place to help safeguard vulnerable adults. What is a law? A law is something that has been set in stone and will not change for any particular resonates is a strategy? A strategy is how you do something but this also depends on what setting you are in. Different working strategies may be different for each care home Guidance Brief outline How does it help protect the individuals? The protection of vulnerable adults scheme for adult placement (OVA) The Protection of Vulnerable Adults Scheme (OVA) has been introduced to help minimize abuse and involves checking records to assess the suitability of people to work as careers for vulnerable adults. This helps to protect individuals as they know that there is legalization and procedures put into place and therefore know that theyre safe from abuse. Every time I go into a care setting money is missing, as a result of this it gets reported each time and they soon establish that it is the same person who is being suspected as money is going missing at the same time every time a certain person is in. As a result of this there is now enough evidence that it is them stealing money and they are convicted and lose their license This helps to prevent financial abuse in a care home. No secrets- Dept. Of health guidelines 2000 / Review of no secrets guidance 2008 This law suggests that we do not keep secrets and if we suspect that this is happening we MUST report it and they will send investigators in. Dignitaries. Org This will prevent abuse in a work place as if somebody knows about it is their place to say, therefore it will hopefully stop abuse. Safeguarding adults- a national framework for good practice and outcomes in adult protection work 2005 This law states what level of care should be in place and that everybody should be treated fairly. This helps to rote individuals as they all know theyre being treated the same and have the same rights as anybody else Codes of practice for nursing and social work EGG. BASS, NC and SEC This law states that you have license to practice. You will be strike off if you do something wrong/bad. It also proves that you are who you say you are, regular training is given to update records. Youre unable to accept gifts from people youre working with as it could be seen as offensive. This will help protect individuals as if they know that youre being regularly trained and are up to date with information they may feel safer and secure under your care. Multi-agency working- decision making forums, keeping records, support planning and single assessment process. This is about different agencies working together to find out if a certain person is being abused, they communicate with everyone and working together helps to ensure that no body is abused. They also share information to come to a decision on what is best for the person. Having more than one agency looking out for you may make the individual feel worth something and as though they are safe and protected from anything in harms way. Staff training The company will pay for staff training and this MUST be regular. They will learn first aid, manual handling and the correct ways to move people in and out of beds and certain places. Staff being trained gives them trust from individuals, if theyre being trained properly then the individuals know that they are doing their Job properly Role of care quality commission (ICQ) This law is a set of inspectors that are there to do regular checks to ensure that you are doing your Job properly. If youre doing it right you will get a grade. Otherwise you will be told what to do and have another check-up 6 months later, if things have not improved you will more than likely be put out of business. This helps to protect individuals in a care setting as regular checks to make sure the home is running properly will make them feel as though they are important. They will know that they are safe as if something is wrong ICQ will pick up on it and something will get done about it http://www. ICQ. Org. UK/ Whistle blowing This is about reporting something that you see, it could be about how a member of staff are treating another person. If someone has trust in a care worker then they could tell them if anything is wrong, this could then send an alert to a member of staff and something could be done about it Complaint procedures Every organization has a complaints service, this is because people have the right to complain about something if they feel it Is not right or suitable. If a family member is worrying about the service user or has a complaint then this service will give them the opportunity to be able to complain and get their views put forward. MM/ Describe legalization, regulations, working strategies and procedures used in health and social care to reduce two types of abuse. Christine could be subject to physical abuse, to prevent this safeguarding adults 2006 could help as the law states that all careers should have a up to date DBS. This should minimize the chances of physical abuse in the care setting. Care standards act also outlines the standard of care that must be given in a home, this prevents abuse as if anything is below the standard they will either have serious consequences or will be completely shut down. OVA means that all staff has a ova check to make sure that they have not been previously convicted involving abuse of any kind. If they have this person will not be allowed to work with Christine. This will minimize the chances of her being abused as if they have not abused before they may not do it this time. No secrets this means that if other careers can see abuse happening they MUST report it. If the abu ser knows that someone will tell someone else that theyre abusing, they are less likely to do so. This could prevent her being abused as if she is being abused and someone knows about it they could tell someone else and it can be prevented as soon as possible. Christine could also be prone to financial abuse. The Mental capacity act could help Christine as she could have brain damage and be unable to make her own decisions and therefore needs a power of attorney. Having this could minimize the chances of uncial abuse as people would know who would be abusing her and be able to do something about it. As Christine has the mind of a child, if somebody tells her to do something like give them her money, she will more than likely do so. To prevent this, if somebody notices that there is money going missing they can use the police act to check her money going in and out, they can check all of her computers she has accessed to see if her online banking has been used, hopefully this way they will be able to track down the money and the person who stole it. This act can also prevent there things happening to Christine, it will prevent abusers taking possessions, benefits, inheritance and pressure in connection with wills.

Essay on The psychiatric disorders

Essay on The psychiatric disorders Essay on The psychiatric disorders Essay on The psychiatric disordersThe video on famous people with mental illness demonstrates that many actors, authors, musicians, sportsmen and other public figures suffer from different mental and behavioral disorders. The video gave two main sources, one of which is National Alliance on Mental Illness website and another is Centers of Disease Control and Prevention webpage. They present reliable information, statistical data and case studies of different mental illnesses, they also offer help tips for those who require it and suggest apply to self-pre diagnosis in some cases. Though it is evident that work-related stress and other issues of famous people make them become victims of such illnesses as bipolar disorder, depression, stress disorder, the most surprising was to learn about Gillian Anderson, David Beckham, Halle Berry, Jim Carrey and Ernest Hemingway. David Beckham who is one of the most admired sportsmen having talent and recognition surprisingly suffers from obsessive compulsive disorder. The football player counts clothes and has everything put in a straight line and symmetrically. He describes the disorder as quite tiring. Jim Carrey, one of the most famous producers and known comedians in the world, has a remarkable story from poverty to smashing success. He accepts that has suffered from depression and bipolar for a long time. His depression was accompanied with abrupt mood changes and constant state of sadness. Ernest Hemingway, one of my favorite writers of the twentieth century, has a long story of suffering that eventually led him to suicide. All his life the author of â€Å"For Whom the Bell Tolls† and â€Å"The Sun Also Rises† was obsessed with death. Participation in World War I and World War II resulted in the talented writer’s posttraumatic stress disorder, insomnia, bipolar, narcissistic disorder, paranoia and depression. It is hard to believe that the author of immortal works of fiction suffered from so many i nterrelated psychiatric disorders.

How does the book "Mindsight" explain the happiness one can Coursework

How does the book "Mindsight" explain the happiness one can acquire that is listed in the book "Happiness Hypothesis" - Coursework Example There is value first in exploring Aristotle’s ideas on happiness, and the relationship between the emotions and happiness. It is important to note that in reference to Aristotle’s idea of happiness, or what can be summed up in the word eudaimonia, the notion of happiness is not necessarily linked to passing emotions at any given time, but is more associated with the achievement of virtue, a direction or an overarching purpose or sense of meaning to one’s life that can be only gleaned with finality at the end of a life, as a culmination and as an endpoint to be reached (Burton). This happiness is also tied to what Aristotle terms as the mean, or that middle ground between extremes, the achievement of which can be construed as a standard for evaluating the happy or unhappy life. The achievement of the mean is tied to the successful cultivation of virtue, and this life lived in virtue, over a span of a lifetime, is what constitutes happiness. There is moreover the f ormulation in Aristotle of happiness not as something that is useful for another end, but is something that can be considered as the final and ultimate good, a good in itself, and the end of all of human activities. Therefore, happiness is somewhat also tied to a sense of things being alright, of a positive feeling in a way, that is the real end of all human strivings, from gathering and eating food, to earning money, traveling, establishing a family, taking care of one’s body to be healthy. In this latter formulation there is the sense of the emotions having some value as a kind of inner compass that can guide one and act as a kind of thermostat or inner compass leading towards the achievement of that state of happiness that Aristotle discussed extensively in the Nicomachean ethics. There is a sense of happiness in Aristotle of being an activity, a kind of striving, with the emotions signalling whether the direction of one’s life and the results of the striving are pl easant or

Should the government raise the driving age Essay

Should the government raise the driving age - Essay Example The only failure that the training institutes do not cover is how a driver can react to a situation that may determine the safety of the driver and other road users. The safety of the driver and the road users is thus dependent on the physical, emotional and psychological form of the driver. As a result, various factors have led to the occurrence of various accidents. The situations have caused the various governance bodies in the region to enact laws in an attempt to control the number of accidents that occur. One of the measures is the regulation of the generation that is suitable for issuing a license for driving. After many years, the federal government of the United States has given mandate to issue licenses to new drivers. The age limit is however national and is sixteen. The argument thus lies on what is the best age to give consent to with the aim of ensuring safety in the roads. There is a need to rise the age of driving from sixteen to a more mature age. (Heidi E. Nemme). Research has reveled that the teenage individuals who are at the tender age of sixteen do not possess the necessary capacity to deal with the risky situations that the roads pose. The teenagers tend to be immature in the dealing of critical situations. More studies show that the teenagers have a thrill with the speed and are more prone to over speed while driving. Most of the teenagers do not have an inherent knowledge to analyze the various dangers that the urge of over speeding can bring. Over speeding is dangerous and causes accidents numerous studies have revealed. Research shows that about seventy-seven percent of the accidents in the US include people who are miners who tend to be behind the wheel. Therefore, there is a serious urgency of rising the age to a more self-realistic age (Reports). The ideal age is above eighteen years since people of the age are mature in their consequen t decisions. The psychological wellbeing is also a key issue